出埃及记——第十三章

约拿

出埃及记第十三章： 13:1 耶和华晓谕摩西说： 13:2 “以色列中凡头生的，无论是人是牲畜，都是我的，要分别为圣归我。” 13:3 摩西对百姓说：“你们要记念从埃及为奴之家出来的这日，因为耶和华用大能的手将你们从这地方领出来，有酵的饼都不可吃。 13:4 亚笔月间的这日是你们出来的日子。 13:5 将来耶和华领你进迦南人、赫人、亚摩利人、希未人、耶布斯人之地，就是他向你的祖宗起誓应许给你那流奶与蜜之地，那时你要在这月间守这礼。 13:6 你要吃无酵饼七日，到第七日要向耶和华守节。 13:7 这七日之久，要吃无酵饼，在你四境之内不可见有酵的饼，也不可见发酵的物。 13:8 当那日，你要告诉你的儿子说：‘这是因耶和华在我出埃及的时候为我所行的事。’ 13:9 这要在你手上作记号，在你额上作纪念，使耶和华的律法常在你口中，因为耶和华曾用大能的手将你从埃及领出来。 13:10 所以你每年要按著日期守这例。 13:11 将来，耶和华照他向你和你祖宗所起的誓，将你领进迦南人之地，把这地赐给你。 13:12 那时你要将一切头生的，并牲畜中头生的，归给耶和华；公的都要属耶和华。 13:13 凡头生的驴，你要用羊羔代赎，若不代赎，就要打折它的颈项。凡你儿子中头生的都要赎出来。 13:14 日后，你的儿子问你说：‘这是什么意思？’你就说：‘耶和华用大能的手将我们从埃及为奴之家领出来。 13:15 那时法老几乎不容我们去，耶和华就把埃及地所有头生的，无论是人是牲畜，都杀了，因此我把一切头生的公牲畜献给耶和华为祭，但将头生的儿子都赎出来。 13:16 这要在你手上作记号，在你额上作经文，因为耶和华用大能的手将我们从埃及领出来。’” 13:17 法老容百姓去的时候，非利士地的道路虽近，　神却不领他们从那里走，因为　神说：“恐怕百姓遇见打仗后悔，就回埃及去。” 13:18 所以　神领百姓绕道而行，走红海旷野的路。以色列人出埃及地，都带著兵器上去。 13:19 摩西把约瑟的骸骨一同带去，因为约瑟曾叫以色列人严严地起誓，对他们说：“　神必眷顾你们，你们要把我的骸骨从这里一同带上去。” 13:20 他们从疏割起行，在旷野边的以倘安营。 13:21 日间，耶和华在云柱中领他们的路；夜间，在火柱中光照他们，使他们日夜都可以行走。 13:22 日间云柱，夜间火柱，总不离开百姓的面前。

约拿

　　一三1～15 神曾在埃及拯救以色列头生的，使他们免致死亡；因此，无论是人是牲畜，凡头生的都是属神的，要分别为圣献给神（“分别为圣”就是献祭，或者将某些物品归属于神）。头生的儿子要作神的祭司，直到利未支派日后分别出来作这事奉。头生的洁净牲畜必须在一年内献给神。头生不洁的牲畜如驴，不可献给主，只得用羊羔代赎。换言之，羊羔必须代驴死。如果驴没有代赎，便要打折它的颈项。这是救赎与灭亡二者中的选择。后来立了赎银，驴可用钱代赎（利二七27；民一八15）。头生的孩子从罪而生，也要代赎，代价是五舍客勒（民一八16）。救赎头生的习俗至今仍在敬虔的犹太人中持守。一个三十天大的婴孩要给亚伦的后裔相当于五舍客勒的钱。这样做其实是郑重地提醒人，叫人知道自己在神面前是一个不洁的光景。

　　正如把头生的献给神，归他为圣一样，无酵节说出得赎的民所当有的道德纯洁。以色列人要吃无酵饼七天，房屋也不可见发酵之物。除酵节把以色列人分别出来，使他们成了与众不同的民族，就好像在手上和额上打下记号一般。把头生的归神为圣和无酵节都是下一代的实物课堂，让他们知道主如何拯救他的民出埃及。

　　一三16 犹太人日后真的跟从第9和16节的字义而行，制成圣文护符匣，或是小皮盒，记载神的道，并且把它们系在额上和手腕上。然而在属灵上，这里指我们所作（手），所想（眼）应当符合神的道。

　　一三17～20 从埃及往迦南，最直接的途径是穿过非利士地——只需沿海走大概两个星期。这条沿海的路称为“何露斯之道”。可是这条路也是埃及人常经之道，有埃及军兵常看守。为免神百姓遭到袭击，而生灰心后悔，神领他们走南面的路，穿过西乃半岛。以色列人都带着兵器排列前行。他们带同约瑟的骸骨回到他本国迦南，跟随他们祖先郑重的誓约行。

　　神领以色列人出埃及以后，并没有领他们走最近便的道路，直接去应许之地，乃是绕道而行，避免与非利士人争战。多少时候，神带领我们经过我们认为是漫长而乏味的道路，而另外正有一些显然是更直接通到目标的道路，如果他愿意，我们必能藉此达到那地。但他为使我们免去许多我们所未曾想到的危害，领我们绕行，因为他知道，那些捷径往往并非最短的道路。如果神没有领你走捷径，不要埋怨，也不要抗拒他；只要甘心顺从，信靠他领你平安地绕过看不见的拦阻。他从开头就看到旅程的终点，他知道哪一条是最安全、最好的道路。

　　上帝不把以色列人带上一条认识的路出埃及，却带百姓走向苇海（七十士译本的“红海”）。费察林写道：“在以色列人面前打开的海，圣经称为‘Yam Suph’，字面的意思是‘芦苇之海’（出一三18）。现在这海称为苦湖；也许古时它曾与红海相连，所以古时称为‘芦苇之海’。至于过海的正确地点，众说纷纭，没有一个见解得到一致的赞同。”

　　一三21，22 日间的云柱和夜间的火柱显示主与他的百姓同在。马太亨利说：“这些都是一直施行的神迹。”荣耀的云称为“shekinah”，希伯来文是“居住”的意思。柱（或柱状）说出神指引他百姓保护他们抵抗敌人（出一四19～20）。两者都是描述主耶稣基督美丽的图画。

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Exodus 13 Consecration of the Firstborn 1Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2"(A)Sanctify to Me every firstborn, the first offspring of every womb among the sons of Israel, both of man and beast; it belongs to Me." 3Moses said to the people, "(B)Remember this day in which you went out from Egypt, from the house of slavery; for (C)by a powerful hand the LORD brought you out from this place (D)And nothing leavened shall be eaten. 4"On this day in the (E)month of Abib, you are about to go forth. 5"It shall be when the LORD (F)brings you to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Hivite and the Jebusite, which (G)He swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, (H)that you shall observe this rite in this month. 6"For (I)seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD. 7"Unleavened bread shall be eaten throughout the seven days; and (J)nothing leavened shall be seen among you, nor shall any leaven be seen among you in all your borders. 8"(K)You shall tell your son on that day, saying, 'It is because of what the LORD did for me when I came out of Egypt.' 9"And (L)it shall serve as a sign to you on your hand, and as a reminder on your forehead, that the law of the LORD may be in your mouth; for with (M)a powerful hand the LORD brought you out of Egypt. 10"Therefore, you shall (N)keep this ordinance at its appointed time from year to year. 11"Now when (O)the LORD brings you to the land of the Canaanite, as (P)He swore to you and to your fathers, and gives it to you, 12(Q)you shall devote to the LORD the first offspring of every womb, and the first offspring of every beast that you own; the males belong to the LORD. 13"But (R)every first offspring of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck; and (S)every firstborn of man among your sons you shall redeem. 14"(T)And it shall be when your son asks you in time to come, saying, 'What is this?' then you shall say to him, '(U)With a powerful hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt, from the house of slavery. 15'It came about, when Pharaoh was stubborn about letting us go, that the (V)LORD killed every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of beast. Therefore, I sacrifice to the LORD the males, the first offspring of every womb, but every firstborn of my sons I redeem.' 16"So (W)it shall serve as a sign on your hand and as phylacteries on your forehead, for with a powerful hand the LORD brought us out of Egypt." God Leads the People 17Now when Pharaoh had let the people go, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, even though it was near; for God said, "(X)The people might change their minds when they see war, and return to Egypt." 18Hence God led the people around by the way of the wilderness to the Red Sea; and the sons of Israel went up (Y)in martial array from the land of Egypt. 19Moses took (Z)the bones of Joseph with him, for he had made the sons of Israel solemnly swear, saying, "God will surely take care of you, and you shall carry my bones from here with you." 20Then they set out from (AA)Succoth and camped in Etham on the edge of the wilderness. 21(AB)The LORD was going before them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light, that they might travel by day and by night. 22He (AC)did not take away the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.