出埃及记——第六章

约拿

出埃及记第六章： 6:1 耶和华对摩西说：“现在你必看见我向法老所行的事，使他因我大能的手容以色列人去，且把他们赶出他的地。” 6:2 神晓谕摩西说：“我是耶和华。 6:3 我从前向亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各显现为全能的　神，至于我名耶和华，他们未曾知道。 6:4 我与他们坚定所立的约，要把他们寄居的迦南地赐给他们。 6:5 我也听见以色列人被埃及人苦待的哀声，我也记念我的约。 6:6 所以你要对以色列人说：‘我是耶和华。我要用伸出来的膀臂重重地刑罚埃及人，救赎你们脱离他们的重担，不做他们的苦工。 6:7 我要以你们为我的百姓，我也要作你们的　神。你们要知道我是耶和华你们的　神，是救你们脱离埃及人之重担的。 6:8 我起誓应许给亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各的那地，我要把你们领进去，将那地赐给你们为业。我是耶和华。’” 6:9 摩西将这话告诉以色列人，只是他们因苦工愁烦，不肯听他的话。 6:10 耶和华晓谕摩西说： 6:11 “你进去对埃及王法老说，要容以色列人出他的地。” 6:12 摩西在耶和华面前说：“以色列人尚且不听我的话，法老怎肯听我这拙口笨舌的人呢？” 6:13 耶和华吩咐摩西、亚伦往以色列人和埃及法老那里去，把以色列人从埃及地领出来。 6:14 以色列人家长的名字记在下面：以色列长子吕便的儿子是哈诺、法路、希斯仑、迦米，这是吕便的各家。 6:15 西缅的儿子是耶母利、雅悯、阿辖、雅斤、琐辖，和迦南女子的儿子扫罗，这是西缅的各家。 6:16 利未众子的名字，按着他们的后代记在下面：就是革顺、哥辖、米拉利；利未一生的岁数是一百三十七岁。 6:17 革顺的儿子按着家室是立尼、示每。 6:18 哥辖的儿子是暗兰、以斯哈、希伯伦、乌薛；哥辖一生的岁数是一百三十三岁。 6:19 米拉利的儿子是抹利和母示。这是利未的家，都按着他们的后代。 6:20 暗兰娶了他父亲的妹妹约基别为妻，她给他生了亚伦和摩西；暗兰一生的岁数是一百三十七岁。 6:21 以斯哈的儿子是可拉、尼斐、细基利。 6:22 乌薛的儿子是米沙利、以利撒反、西提利。 6:23 亚伦娶了亚米拿达的女儿拿顺的妹妹以利沙巴为妻，她给他生了拿答、亚比户、以利亚撒、以他玛。 6:24 可拉的儿子是亚惜、以利加拿、亚比亚撒；这是可拉的各家。 6:25 亚伦的儿子以利亚撒，娶了普铁的一个女儿为妻，她给他生了非尼哈；这是利未人的家长，都按着他们的家。 6:26 耶和华说：“将以色列人按着他们的军队从埃及地领出来。”这是对那亚伦、摩西说的。 6:27 对埃及王法老说：“要将以色列人从埃及领出来的，就是这摩西、亚伦。” 6:28 当耶和华在埃及地对摩西说话的日子， 6:29 他向摩西说：“我是耶和华，我对你说的一切话，你都要告诉埃及王法老。” 6:30 摩西在耶和华面前说：“看哪，我是拙口笨舌的人，法老怎肯听我呢？”

约拿

　　六1～12 当法老拒绝了摩西，他在百姓的抱怨下，到耶和华那里去，神就以“我是耶和华”这句伟大的话回答他。当时摩西不能完全领会这名的意义，然而，这宣告却使他有了稳妥的根基，让他屹立其上而不摇动，让以后的经历为他解释一切。耶和华满有恩典地回答摩西的牢骚。他先保证法老必容以色列人离去，因为神大能的手必重重地逼使法老就范。他又提醒摩西，他曾向他的祖先显明自己不但是耶和华（这是守约的神的名字），而且是全能的神（El Shaddai）。奇怪的是这名称在创世记只出现六次，三次是与上帝的显现有关；其余三次（只有一次作为全能者）乃是在需要帮助的脉络之中。更奇怪的是对于Shaddai并没有使人完全满意的解释，不过我们总得同意七十士译本所译“掌管万有”（比“全能”更为可取）或“自给自足的”，那就是无须外助的。

　　这看来是在说，神要以崭新的方法显示他是主——借着施展大能，拯救他的百姓。他已经立了约，而且正要成就这约：释放以色列民出埃及，领他们进应许地。以色列人出埃及的时候，神的这些应许就完全应验了。他释放他们脱离埃及的奴役，作他们的神，接纳他们作他的子民。他又领他们前往应许之地。神对以色列人的拯救，正是全人类得救恩的图画。神救赎我们脱离罪恶，他也拯救我们，收纳我们，作我们的神。我们跟随他，他就领我们过新的生活。

　　注意第6至8节共出现七次“我要”——“我要用伸出来的膀臂重重的刑罚埃及人，”“(我要)救赎你们脱离他们的重担，”“我要以你们为我的百姓，”“我也要作你们的神，”“我要把你们领进去(迦南地)”“(我要)将那地赐给你们为业。”

　　“耶和华”（或主）这名称以前也出现过，但现在却加上新的意义。注意神在这里用了二十五次人称代名词，强调他作了什么，正在作什么和将要作什么。可是摩西仿佛未能摸清神的心意，仍然纠缠在自己的不足之中。经过神再三保证，摩西才听从主的话（七章）。第12和30节的“拙口笨舌”是指口齿不清。摩西觉得自己不是个出色的演说家。

　　六13～30 这一段经文插入以色列人的家谱，好更加确定摩西与亚伦的身分。族谱用来建立人的信誉与权威，也概略地列出家族的历史。我们在圣经中时常碰上的族谱，乃是神性的唤醒，虽然我们被人忘记，但是上帝却绝不忘记我们；虽或世人并未把我们生平的任何细节记录下来，但我们在上帝施行他的旨意之中，却扮演了我们预定的角色。

　　第14至25节的家谱仅限于雅各首生的三个儿子：流便、西缅和利未。作者不想完完整整地列出家谱，只不过要向摩西和亚伦追溯他俩的祖先。因为这个缘故，他很快掠过流便和西缅家族，进而提到祭司的家族。在这特殊的脉络上，族谱的作用乃是显示出摩西和亚伦在事情的计划中的地位。最值得注意的是并未提及摩西的儿子，而亚伦的孙儿也只提及一个。

　　神要摩西将以色列人按支派、宗族、家族领出埃及。上帝的用意乃是使埃及人“知道我是耶和华”。这说法，在以西结书特别常见，它以略为变换的方式出现六十次以上；它并不是启示一个名字，却是启示那拥有此名者的性格，特别是他在惩罚、保护与施恩中所展现出来的权能。

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Exodus 6 God Promises Action 1Then the LORD said to Moses, "Now you shall see what I will do to Pharaoh; for (A)under compulsion he will let them go, and under compulsion he will drive them out of his land." 2God spoke further to Moses and said to him, "I am (B)the LORD; 3and I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as (C)God Almighty, but by (D)My name, [a]LORD, I did not make Myself known to them. 4"I also established (E)My covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land in which they sojourned. 5"Furthermore I have (F)heard the groaning of the sons of Israel, because the Egyptians are holding them in bondage, and I have remembered My covenant. 6"Say, therefore, to the sons of Israel, '(G)I am the LORD, and (H)I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will deliver you from their bondage I will also (I)redeem you with (J)an outstretched arm and with great judgments. 7'Then I will take you (K)for My people, and (L)I will be your God; and (M)you shall know that I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians. 8'I will bring you to the land which (N)I swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and (O)I will give it to you for a possession; (P)I am the LORD.'" 9So Moses spoke thus to the sons of Israel, but they did not listen to Moses on (Q)account of their despondency and cruel bondage. 10Now the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 11"(R)Go, tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the sons of Israel go out of his land." 12But Moses spoke before the LORD, saying, "Behold, the sons of Israel have not listened to me; (S)how then will Pharaoh listen to me, for I am (T)unskilled in speech?" 13Then the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, and gave them a charge to the sons of Israel and to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt. The Heads of Israel 14These are the heads of their fathers' households. (U)The sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi; these are the families of Reuben. 15The (V)sons of Simeon: Jemuel and Jamin and Ohad and Jachin and Zohar and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman; these are the families of Simeon. 16These are the names of (W)the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon and Kohath and Merari; and the length of Levi's life was one hundred and thirty-seven years. 17(X)The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, according to their families. 18(Y)The sons of Kohath: Amram and Izhar and Hebron and Uzziel; and the length of Kohath's life was one hundred and thirty-three years. 19(Z)The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their generations. 20(AA)Amram married his father's sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses; and the length of Amram's life was one hundred and thirty-seven years. 21(AB)The sons of Izhar: Korah and Nepheg and Zichri. 22(AC)The sons of Uzziel: Mishael and Elzaphan and Sithri. 23Aaron married Elisheba, the daughter of (AD)Amminadab, the sister of (AE)Nahshon, and she bore him (AF)Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. 24The (AG)sons of Korah: Assir and Elkanah and Abiasaph; these are the families of the Korahites. 25Aaron's son (AH)Eleazar married one of the daughters of Putiel, and she bore him (AI)Phinehas. These are the heads of the fathers' households of the Levites according to their families. 26It was the same Aaron and Moses to whom the LORD said, "(AJ)Bring out the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their (AK)hosts." 27They were the ones (AL)who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt about bringing out the sons of Israel from Egypt; it was the same Moses and Aaron. 28Now it came about on the day when the LORD spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt, 29that the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, "(AM)I am the LORD; (AN)speak to Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I speak to you." 30But Moses said before the LORD, "Behold, I am (AO)unskilled in speech; how then will Pharaoh listen to me?"