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五十、WIN2003启动故障表述及处理办法
This article describes general procedures that you can use to troubleshoot startup problems in Windows Server 2003.
本篇是介绍在WINDOWS SERVER 2003中碰到的启动问题一般流程。
A successful Windows startup includes of the following four phases:
1个成功的WINDOWS启动半含以下四个阶段
·Initial phase 初始化阶段
·Boot loader phase 启动运行阶段
·Kernel phase 内核运行阶段
·Logon phase登陆阶段
If a problem occurs during one of these phases, Windows may not start correctly, and you may experience one of the following problems:
如果发生其中一个问题。WDINDOWS可能不会正确启动，你也许会碰到其中之一问题。
The computer stops responding (hangs). 计算机停止相应（挂起）
You receive an error message.收到一个出错信息
If a startup problem occurs after you click Microsoft Windows Server 2003 on either the boot loader menu or when you receive the "Please select the operating system to start" message, files that the operating system needs may be missing or damaged. Windows provides a variety of options that you can use to troubleshoot this issue, including Safe mode, the Recovery Console, and an Emergency Repair disk.
如果启动问题发生在你通过启动选择菜单或当你收到“请选择一个操作系统”点击 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 之后发生的，这表明操作系统消失或已损坏。WINDOWS提供一系列操作以便你修复此问题，包括安全模式、恢复控制台和紧急修复磁盘。
How to Start the Computer by Using the Last Known Good
如何通过使用最后一次正确配置启动计算机
Configuration
配置
If the startup problem occurs immediately after you make a change to the computer (for example, after you install a new driver), try to start the computer by using the Last Known Good Configuration feature.
如果启动问题是在你对计算机发生了一点变化后才出现的（例如，在你安装了一个新的驱动程序），那就尽量使用最后一次正确配置启动计算机。
When you use the Last Known Good Configuration feature, you start your computer by using the most recent settings that worked. This feature restores registry information and driver settings that were in effect the last time the computer started successfully. Use this feature when you cannot start Windows after you make a change to the computer (for example, after you install or upgrade a device driver).
当你使用最后一次正确配置的发法，计算机会根据最新一次正确设置来启动计算机。这个方法就是恢复上次成功启动计算机的注册表信息和驱动程序设置。当你不能在改变计算机设置之后正常启动你可以使用此办法（比如：安装和升级驱动程序）
To start the computer by using Last Known Good Configuration, follow these steps:
通过使用最后一次正确配置启动计算机，按照下来步骤
1.Click Start, and then click Shut Down. 开始－关机
2.Click Restart, and then click OK. 重启－确定
3.When you see the message Please select the operating system to start, press the F8 key.
当你看到 请选择操作系统 的信息时 按F8
4.Use the arrow keys to select Last Known Good Configuration, and then press ENTER.
使用箭头选择 最后一次正确配置 按 ENTER
NOTE: NUM LOCK must be off before the arrow keys on the numeric keypad will function.
注意：在你使用数字键盘的方向键必须确保NUM LOCK关闭
5. If you are running other operating systems on the computer, click Microsoft Windows Server 2003 in the list, and then press ENTER.
如果你在计算机上有其他操作系统，点击 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 列表中，并按 ENTER
NOTES:
注意
·By selecting Last Known Good Configuration, you can recover from problems such as a newly added driver that may be incorrect for your hardware. This feature does not solve problems caused by corrupted or missing drivers or files.
通过选择 最后一次正确配置 你能从诸如新增加的对硬件不正确驱动程序而引发的问题恢复系统。但这不能解决遭到破坏或丢失驱动程序或文件而引发的问题。
·When you select Last Known Good Configuration, only the information in registry key HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet is restored. Any changes you have made in other registry keys remain.
当你选择 最后一次正确配置,仅仅是恢复HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet注册表的内容。任何你在其他的注册表的内容不会变动。
If you can start your computer by using Last Known Good Configuration, the last change that you made to the computer (for example, the installation of a driver) may be the cause of the incorrect startup behavior. Microsoft recommends that you either remove or update the driver or program, and then test Windows for correct startup.
如果你通过使用 最后一次正确配置 启动计算机，你对计算机所做的最新变化（比如：安装驱动程序）可能会引起不正确的启动表现。MICROSOFT建议你不要卸载或更新驱动程序
How to Start the Computer in Safe Mode
如何在安全模式启动计算机
When you start the computer in Safe mode, Windows loads only the drivers and computer services that you need. You can use Safe mode when you have to identify and resolve problems that are caused by faulty drivers, programs, or services that start automatically.
当你在安全模式启动计算机，WINDOWS仅仅载入所需的驱动程序和计算机服务。当你不得不确定和解决由错误的驱动程序，应用程序或启动加载的服务，你就要驱动安全模式。
If the computer starts successfully in Safe mode but it does not start in normal mode, the computer may have a conflict with the hardware settings or the resources. There may be incompatibilities with programs, services, or drivers, or there may be registry damage. In Safe mode, you can disable or remove a program, service, or device driver that may prevent the computer from starting.
如果计算机在安全模式成功启动但是不能正常模式启动，计算机可能在硬件设置或资源上发生冲突。这可能是程序、服务或驱动的不兼容性，或者注册表损坏。在安全模式，你可以禁用或卸载程序、服务或阻止计算机启动的驱动程序
To troubleshoot startup problems in Safe mode, follow these steps:
为在安全模式下解决启动问题，请按照下列步骤
1.Click Start, and then click Shut Down. 开始－关机
2.Click Restart, and then click OK. 重启－确定
3.When you see the message Please select the operating system to start, press F8.
当你看到 请选择操作系统 按F8
4.In Windows Advanced Option Menu, use the arrow keys to select Safe Mode, and then press ENTER.
在WINDOWS高级选择菜单用箭头选择 安全模式 并按ENTER
NOTE: NUM LOCK must be off before the arrow keys on the numeric keypad will function.
注意：当你使用数字键盘的方向键NUM LOCK必须关闭
5.If you are running other operating systems on the computer, click Microsoft Windows Server 2003 on the list that is displayed, and then press ENTER.
当你计算机还有其他操作系统，点击列表 MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003 并按ENTER
6.Do one of the following:
按照其中之一步骤
If the computer does not start in Safe mode, try starting the computer by using the Recovery Console. If you still cannot start the computer, look for possible hardware problems, such as defective devices, installation problems, cabling problems, or connector problems. Remove any newly added hardware, and then restart the computer to see if the problem is resolved.
如果计算机不能在安全模式启动，尽量使用恢复控制台启动计算机。如果你依然不能启动计算机，查找硬件问题，诸如有问题的驱动程序、安装问题、连接线问题。去掉新增加的硬件并且通过重新启动计算机看是否解决问题。
If the computer starts in Safe mode, go to the next section to continue to troubleshoot the startup issue.
如果计算机在安全模式下启动，转到下一步继续解决启动问题。
To Use Event Viewer to Identify the Cause of the Startup Problem
用事件查看器判断引起启动问题的原因
View the event logs in Event Viewer for additional information that may help you to identify and diagnose the cause of the startup problem. To view events that are recorded in the event logs, follow these steps:
查看事件日志可以获得额外的信息，这些也许可以帮助你判断启动问题的原因。按照下列步骤可以查看事件日志
1.Do one of the following:
步骤如下
Click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Event Viewer.
开始－管理工具－事件查看器
Start the Event Viewer snap-in in Microsoft Management Console (MMC).
启动内嵌再微软管理控制台的事件查看器
2.In the console tree, expand Event Viewer, and then click the log that you want to view. For example, click System log or Application log.
在控制台目录树中，扩展 事件查看器 然后点击你想看的日志，比如系统日志或应用程序日志
3.In the details pane, double-click the event that you want to view.
双击你想查看的事件可以可以获得事件详细信息
To copy the details of the event, click Copy, open a new document in the program in which you want to paste the event (for example, Microsoft Word), and then click Paste on the Edit menu.
复制事件详细信息，点击 复制, 打开一个想粘贴到某个程序的新的文件（比如：Microsoft Word）然后在编辑菜单点击 粘贴
4.To view the description of the previous event or the next event, press the UP ARROW key or the DOWN ARROW key.
为了查看上一个或下一个事件的表述，按上箭头或下箭头键
To Use System Information to Identify the Cause of the Startup Problem
使用系统信息识别启动问题的原因
The System Information tool displays a comprehensive view of the computer's hardware, the system components, and the software environment. Use this tool to help identify possible problem devices and device conflicts. To do this, follow these steps:
系统信息工具完整的显示计算机硬件情况，系统组件和软件环境。通过使用可以帮助识别驱动程序的问题和冲突。如要做到这一点，按照下面步骤
1.Click Start, and then click Run. 开始－运行
2.In the Open box, type msinfo32, and then click OK. 打开－MSINFO32－确定
3.Look for problem devices or device conflicts. To do s 寻找问题驱动和驱动冲突，按下面做
1.In the console tree, expand Components, and then click Problem Devices.
在控制台树扩展 组件，然后点击 有问题的设备
Note any devices that are listed in the right pane. 任何有问题的设备在右边的窗口列出
2.In the console tree, expand Hardware Resources, and then click Conflicts/Sharing.
在控制台树扩展 硬件资源，然后点击 冲突/共享
Note any resource conflicts that are listed in the right pane. 任何有问题的设备在右边的窗口列出
3.If you identify a problem device, perform the appropriate action (for example, remove, disable, or reconfigure the device, or update the driver), and then restart the computer in normal mode.
如果你确定了一个有问题的社别，就进行适当的操作（比如：取出、禁用或重配置设备或更新驱动程序），然后在正常模式重启计算机。
You can use Device Manager to remove or disable devices and their drivers. For more information about Device Manager, see the Use Device Manager to Identify the Cause of the Startup Problem section of this article.
你可以使用 设备管理 去除或禁用设备和相关的驱动程序。想获得更多的关于设备管理器信息参考使用设备管理器确定启动问题原因。
If the computer starts correctly, that particular device may be the cause of the startup problem.
如果计算机正确启动，那特定的驱动程序可能会影响启动问题
If you disabled a device to resolve the problem, make sure that the device is listed on the Windows Server 2003 Hardware Compatibility List (HCL), and that it is installed correctly. Also, contact the manufacturer to report the behavior and to obtain information about possible updates that can resolve the startup problem. For information about how to contact computer hardware manufacturers, click the appropriate article number in the following list to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
如果禁用设备可以解决问题，那么请确认该设备是在WINDOWS SERVER
2003 硬件兼容列中（HCL），而且它被正确的安装。同样，向联系生产商汇报该现象以便获取能解决启动问题的可能更新。关于如何联系计算机硬件的生产商的更多信息，点击下面列表中相应的数字。
65416 Hardware and Software Third-Party Vendor Contact List, A-K 第三方硬件软件生产商联系列表 A-K
http://support.microsoft.com/defaul...=kb;en-us;65416
60781 Hardware and Software Third-Party Vendor Contact List, L-P 第三方硬件软件生产商联系列表 L-P
http://support.microsoft.com/defaul...=kb;en-us;60781
60782 Hardware and Software Third-Party Vendor Contact List, Q-Z 第三方硬件软件生产商联系列表 Q-Z
http://support.microsoft.com/defaul...=kb;en-us;60782
Microsoft provides third-party contact information to help you find technical support. This contact information may change without notice. Microsoft does not guarantee the accuracy of this third-party contact information.
微软提供第三放的联系信息可以帮助你找到技术支持。这些联系信息可能会在没有通知的情况下改变，微软并不保证这些第三方联系信息的正确性。
4.If no device conflicts or problem devices are reported by the System Information tool, look for programs that start automatically when Windows starts. To do so, follow these steps:
如果没有冲突的驱动程序或问题驱动在系统信息工具中报告，查找随WINDOWS启动的应用程序。如何做到这一点，往下看
1.In the console tree, expand Software Environment, and then click Startup Programs.
在控制台树扩展 软件环境，然后点击 启动程序
Programs that start automatically when Windows starts are listed in the right pane. 随WINDOWS启动的应用程序在右边窗口列出
2.Disable the programs, and then restart the computer.
禁用这些程序然后重启计算机
For information about how to disable the program, see the program documentation or contact the manufacturer.
更多的关于如何禁用程序，查照程序文件或联系制作商
3.If you disable the startup programs, and the startup problem is resolved, enable the programs again, one at a time.
如果你禁用启动程序，然后问题解决，再次启动该程序
Shut down and restart the computer each time you enable a program, and note if the incorrect startup behavior occurs. If the behavior occurs, the last program that you enabled may be causing the incorrect startup behavior.
每次启动一个程序后关机然后重启，并且注意是否有不正确的启动行为。如果发生，那即使最后一个引起不正确启动的程序。
另外找来VeriTest一篇WINDOWS SERVER 2003 与 WINDOWS NT4.0 和WINDOWS2000的评测报告
VeriTest－著名的e评测工作室，提供在INTERNET和技术领域中独立评测和研究报告。
评测结果：
1、在网络项目中,WIN2003在单处理器的系统中比WINNT快64%，在八个处理器中快148％
WIN2003比WINDOWS 2000在单处理器中快35％，在八个处理器中快84%
2、在互联网测试：静态服务器WIN2003性能在单处理中比WINNT快162%，在八个处理器中快487％
WIN2003在单处理上比WIN2000快 80%，在八个处理器上快355%
3、互联网测试：动态服务器性能WIN2003在单处理器系统比WINNT快109％ ，在八个处理器系统快368%
WIN2003在单处理器系统比WIN2000快64％，在八个处理器系统快333％
4、目录测试：WINNT上不支持活动目录，无法测试
WIN2003在单处理器系统上比WIN2000快102%，在八个处理器系统上快
439%
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