注释:
1、章雪富、石敏敏合著的《早期基督教的演变及多元传统》(社科文献出版社,北京:2003年)一书的第五章中对此作过详细的追溯。 2、John Dillon, “Origen and Plotinus: The Platonic Influence on Early Christianity ”, see in Thomas Finan and Vincent Twomey(eds.), Relationship Between Neoplatonism and Christianity, p.15, Four Courts Press, 1992. John Dillon, Middle Platonists, 80 B.C. to A.D.220, pp.138-139, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977. 3、Origen, Commentary on the Gospel According to John, 2.70, English Translated by Ronald E.Heine,Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1993. Plotinus, Ennead II.9.1.1-2; V.3.3.17; V.6.3.12-16, see in Plotinus, VII Enneads, English Translated by A.H.Armstrong, Massachusetts:Harvard University Press,1966-1988. 4、西方学者对此是有深入研究的,参看John F.Callahan, “Greek Philosophy and the Cappadocian Cosmology”; Constantine G.Bonis, “The Problem Concerning Faith and Knowledge, or Reason and Revelation, as Expounded in the Letters of St. Basil the Great to Amphilochius of Iconium”; David L. Balas, “Christian Transformation of Greek Philosophy Illustrated by Gregory of Nyssa’s Use of the Notion of Participation”; Gerhart B.Ladner, “The Philosophical Anthropology of Saint Gregory of Nyssa”; Robert E. Cushman, “Faith and Reason in the Thought of St. Augustine”; John A.Mourant, “The Emergence of a Christian Philosophy in the Dialogues of Augustine”, see in Everett Ferguson(ed.), Studies in Early Christianity: A Collection of Scholarly Essays (Vol. VIII): The Early Church and Greco-Roman Thought, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1993. 5、一般的看法是西方的三一论以基督论为中心,东方的三一论以圣灵论为中心。不过,这个看法应以后卡帕多西亚教父和后奥古斯丁神学为准。在卡帕多西亚教父中,圣灵论还是一个有待发展的主题,而在奥古斯丁神学中,圣灵论已经是一个成熟的神学范式。在卡帕多西亚教父中,三一神学当然包含着圣灵为中心的观点,因为圣灵被作为联结世界与上帝的动力性中介,因此圣灵是救赎之自觉的发动者。就是说,这个中心是联结世界和人的中心。奥古斯丁的圣灵则是圣父和圣子的联结者,并作为爱的位格是上帝作为共契的经世与人的直接救赎性力量。因此,两者与后来实际上发展出的一些讲法还是有重要区别的。 6、例如西方学者Yves Congar同意拉纳的内在三一就是经世三一,然而他不同意经世三一就是内在三一的观点。他之所以同意前半句的表述,在于他认为上帝的自我共契是真正的自我的共契,在外在的和内在的之间都存在神圣的自我共契。然而他注意到经世三一和内在三一是不对称的,即自我共契发生在一个并非是与神圣位格的存在完全合一的形态之中。(Congar, I Believe, 3:15, see in Catherine Mowry LaCugna, The Trinitarian Mystery of God, p.175, Fortress Press, 1991.) 7、例如林鸿信博士在讨论Moltmann的上帝观时指出了他对于拉纳的三一上帝的独一神论倾向的批评。林博士最后表明拉纳的三一神学也没有充分自觉到经世三一与内在三一的不对称性,Moltmann则将“内在三一设定在颂赞的层次,表达了认识上帝有限的自觉,正是改革宗神学一向带有对上帝敬畏的特质之表现。”(林鸿信,《莫特曼神学》,第363页,台北:礼记出版社,2002年。) 8、我要向Evylen and James Whiteheades夫妇致以深切的谢意,他们为我提供了Catherine Mowry LaCugna的有关拉纳三一神学的论文。 9、Catherine Mowry LaCugna, Introduction,x-xi, see in Karl Rahner, Trinity, English Translated by Joseph Donceel, New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1997. 10、Important Terms, p.1, see in Ibid. 11、Ibid. p.2. 12、Karl Rahner, Trinity, pp.82-83. 13、Werner Jaeger, Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture, Vol.1, xx, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965. 14、Karl Barth, Chruch Dogmatics, 1.1.360, English Translated & Edited by G.W.Bromiley and T.F.Torrance, Edinburgh:T & T Clark, 1956. |