出埃及记——第三十三章

约拿

出埃及记第三十三章： 33:1 耶和华吩咐摩西说：“我曾起誓应许亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各说：‘要将迦南地赐给你的后裔。’现在你和你从埃及地所领出来的百姓，要从这里往那地去。 33:2 我要差遣使者在你前面，撵出迦南人、亚摩利人、赫人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人， 33:3 领你到那流奶与蜜之地。我自己不同你们上去，因为你们是硬着颈项的百姓，恐怕我在路上把你们灭绝。” 33:4 百姓听见这凶信就悲哀，也没有人佩戴妆饰。 33:5 耶和华对摩西说：“你告诉以色列人说：‘耶和华说：你们是硬着颈项的百姓，我若一霎时临到你们中间，必灭绝你们。现在你们要把身上的妆饰摘下来，使我可以知道怎样待你们。’” 33:6 以色列人从住何烈山以后，就把身上的妆饰摘得干净。 33:7 摩西素常将帐棚支搭在营外，离营却远，他称这帐棚为会幕，凡求问耶和华的，就到营外的会幕那里去。 33:8 当摩西出营到会幕去的时候，百姓就都起来，各人站在自己帐棚的门口，望着摩西，直等到他进了会幕。 33:9 摩西进会幕的时候，云柱降下来，立在会幕的门前，耶和华便与摩西说话。 33:10 众百姓看见云柱立在会幕门前，就都起来，各人在自己帐棚的门口下拜。 33:11 耶和华与摩西面对面说话，好像人与朋友说话一般。摩西转到营里去，惟有他的帮手，一个少年人嫩的儿子约书亚，不离开会幕。 33:12 摩西对耶和华说：“你吩咐我说：‘将这百姓领上去’，却没有叫我知道你要打发谁与我同去。只说：‘我按你的名认识你，你在我眼前也蒙了恩。’ 33:13 我如今若在你眼前蒙恩，求你将你的道指示我，使我可以认识你，好在你眼前蒙恩。求你想到这民是你的民。” 33:14 耶和华说：“我必亲自和你同去，使你得安息。” 33:15 摩西说：“你若不亲自和我同去，就不要把我们从这里领上去。 33:16 人在何事上得以知道我和你的百姓在你眼前蒙恩呢？岂不是因你与我们同去，使我和你的百姓与地上的万民有分别吗？” 33:17 耶和华对摩西说：“你这所求的我也要行，因为你在我眼前蒙了恩，并且我按你的名认识你。” 33:18 摩西说：“求你显出你的荣耀给我看。” 33:19 耶和华说：“我要显我一切的恩慈，在你面前经过，宣告我的名。我要恩待谁，就恩待谁；要怜悯谁，就怜悯谁。” 33:20 又说：“你不能看见我的面，因为人见我的面不能存活。” 33:21 耶和华说：“看哪！在我这里有地方，你要站在磐石上。 33:22 我的荣耀经过的时候，我必将你放在磐石穴中，用我的手遮掩你，等我过去， 33:23 然后我要将我的手收回，你就得见我的背，却不得见我的面。”

约拿

3．百姓悔改（三三1～6）

　　主拒绝与犯罪的以色列人同进迦南，恐怕他逼不得已在路上灭绝他们。不过，神差派使者代表他，带领以色列百姓进入迦南。百姓听见这凶信就悲哀，也没有人佩戴妆饰；这些妆饰曾经用来制造金牛犊，自从往何烈山以后，就没有穿戴妆饰了。

4．摩西的会幕（三三7～11）

　　第7节提的帐棚不是会幕，会幕这时仍未建好。那只是摩西所搭的临时帐棚，这里称为“会幕”（帐棚）。渴望寻求耶和华的人可以到营外的会幕去。营地曾被百姓的罪沾污，所以帐棚便放置在营外。摩西进了帐棚，云柱便降临，表示神的同在。第11节不是指摩西看见神的真像，只不过是说他直接地面对面与神说话，毫无阻隔。神与摩西在会幕之中说话，好像朋友交谈一样。摩西为什么能得到神这样的恩待？这当然并非由于他是完人，大有恩赐或能力，乃是由于神拣选他，他也一心一意倚靠神的智慧与指示。

　　值得注意的是约书亚，这少年人并没有离开会幕，也许这便是他日后属灵得胜的秘诀了。

5．摩西的祷告（三三12～23）

　　三三12～17 摩西求神同在，领他的百姓往迦南地。主仁慈地答应他，说他必亲自和他们同去。摩西象挪亚一样，在神眼前蒙恩，得着神的应允。“安全并不在于危险消失，而在于神的同在。”

　　三三18～23 然后摩西求神显出他的荣耀。神答应他显示自己是恩典怜悯的神（参看出三四6～7）。摩西不能看见神的面，而又能存活，不过他可以在神荣耀经过的时候，站在磐石中，他便可以看见神的背。这当然是用了比喻的手法，因为神根本没有身体（约四24）正如锺斯所说：“摩西必然看见将来的光辉，这光辉让我们确信将来是何等的壮丽。”

　　没有人看见神的面而又能存活（20节）。这里是指没有人可以观看神遮盖着的荣耀；他住在“不能靠近的光里，是人未曾看见、也是不能看见的”（提前六16）。换言之，从来没有人见过神（约壹四12）。那么，我们该如何解释圣经中看见神而不死的经文？例如夏甲（创一六13）；雅各（创三二30）；摩西、亚伦、拿答、亚比户，以色列长老中的七十人（出二四9～11）；基甸（士六22～23）；玛挪亚和他妻子（士一三22）；以赛亚（赛六1）；以西结（结一26，比较一Ｏ20）；约翰（启一17）．

　　原来这些人是看见由主耶稣基督代表的神。有时神借着主的使者显现，有时是借着人子，有一次是借着声音显示他自己（出二四9～11；比较申四12）。父怀里的独生子将他完完全全的表明出来（约一18）。基督是神荣耀所发的光辉，是神本体的真像（来一3）怪不得他说：“人看见了我，就是看见了父。”（约一四9）

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Exodus 33 The Journey Resumed 1Then the LORD spoke to Moses, "Depart, go up from here, you and the people whom you have brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land of which (A)I swore to Abraham, (B)Isaac, and (C)Jacob, saying, '(D)To your descendants I will give it.' 2"I will send (E)an angel before you and (F)I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite. 3"Go up to a land (G)flowing with milk and honey; for I will not go up in your midst, because you are (H)an obstinate people, and (I)I might destroy you on the way." 4When the people heard this sad word, (J)they went into mourning, and none of them put on his ornaments. 5For the LORD had said to Moses, "Say to the sons of Israel, 'You are (K)an obstinate people; should I go up in your midst for one moment, I would destroy you. Now therefore, put off your ornaments from you, that I may know what I shall do with you.'" 6So the sons of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments, from Mount Horeb onward. 7Now Moses used to take (L)the tent and pitch it outside the camp, a good distance from the camp, and he called it the tent of meeting And (M)everyone who sought the LORD would go out to the tent of meeting which was outside the camp. 8And it came about, whenever Moses went out to the tent, that all the people would arise and stand, each at the entrance of his tent, and gaze after Moses until he entered the tent. 9Whenever Moses entered the tent, (N)the pillar of cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent; (O)and the LORD would speak with Moses. 10When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people would arise and worship, each at the entrance of his tent. 11Thus (P)the LORD used to speak to Moses face to face, just as a man speaks to his friend When Moses returned to the camp, (Q)his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, would not depart from the tent. Moses Intercedes 12Then Moses said to the LORD, "See, You say to me, '(R)Bring up this people!' But You Yourself have not let me know (S)whom You will send with me (T)Moreover, You have said, 'I have known you by name, and you have also found favor in My sight.' 13"Now therefore, I pray You, if I have found favor in Your sight, (U)let me know Your ways that I may know You, so that I may find favor in Your sight (V)Consider too, that this nation is Your people." 14And He said, "(W)My presence shall go with you, and (X)I will give you rest." 15Then he said to Him, "(Y)If Your presence does not go with us, do not lead us up from here. 16"For how then can it be known that I have found favor in Your sight, I and Your people? Is it not by Your going with us, so that (Z)we, I and Your people, may be distinguished from all the other people who are upon the face of the earth?" 17The LORD said to Moses, "I will also do this thing of which you have spoken; (AA)for you have found favor in My sight and I have known you by name." 18(AB)Then Moses said, "I pray You, show me Your glory!" 19And He said, "(AC)I Myself will make all My goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of the LORD before you; and (AD)I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show compassion on whom I will show compassion." 20But He said, "You cannot see My face, (AE)for no man can see Me and live!" 21Then the LORD said, "Behold, there is a place by Me, and (AF)you shall stand there on the rock; 22and it will come about, while My glory is passing by, that I will put you in the cleft of the rock and (AG)cover you with My hand until I have passed by. 23"Then I will take My hand away and you shall see My back, but (AH)My face shall not be seen."