出埃及记——第三十四章

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出埃及记第三十四章： 34:1 耶和华吩咐摩西说：“你要凿出两块石版，和先前你摔碎的那版一样，其上的字我要写在这版上。 34:2 明日早晨，你要预备好了，上西奈山，在山顶上站在我面前。 34:3 谁也不可和你一同上去，遍山都不可有人，在山根也不可叫羊群牛群吃草。” 34:4 摩西就凿出两块石版，和先前的一样。清晨起来，照耶和华所吩咐的上西奈山去，手里拿着两块石版。 34:5 耶和华在云中降临，和摩西一同站在那里，宣告耶和华的名。 34:6 耶和华在他面前宣告说：“耶和华，耶和华，是有怜悯、有恩典的　神，不轻易发怒，并有丰盛的慈爱和诚实。 34:7 为千万人存留慈爱，赦免罪孽、过犯和罪恶，万不以有罪的为无罪，必追讨他的罪，自父及子，直到三四代。” 34:8 摩西急忙伏地下拜， 34:9 说：“主啊，我若在你眼前蒙恩，求你在我们中间同行，因为这是硬着颈项的百姓，又求你赦免我们的罪孽和罪恶，以我们为你的产业。” 34:10 耶和华说：“我要立约，要在百姓面前行奇妙的事，是在遍地万国中所未曾行的，在你四围的外邦人，就要看见耶和华的作为，因我向你所行的是可畏惧的事。 34:11 我今天所吩咐你的，你要谨守，我要从你面前撵出亚摩利人、迦南人、赫人、比利洗人、希未人、耶布斯人。 34:12 你要谨慎，不可与你所去那地的居民立约，恐怕成为你们中间的网罗； 34:13 却要拆毁他们的祭坛，打碎他们的柱像，砍下他们的木偶。 34:14 不可敬拜别神，因为耶和华是忌邪的　神，名为忌邪者。 34:15 只怕你与那地的居民立约，百姓随从他们的神，就行邪淫，祭祀他们的神，有人叫你，你便吃他的祭物； 34:16 又为你的儿子娶他们的女儿为妻，他们的女儿随从他们的神，就行邪淫，使你的儿子也随从他们的神行邪淫。 34:17 不可为自己铸造神像。 34:18 你要守除酵节，照我所吩咐你的，在亚笔月内所定的日期吃无酵饼七天，因为你是这亚笔月内出了埃及。 34:19 凡头生的都是我的；一切牲畜头生的，无论是牛是羊，公的都是我的。 34:20 头生的驴要用羊羔代赎，若不代赎，就要打折它的颈项。凡头生的儿子都要赎出来。谁也不可空手朝见我。 34:21 你六日要做工，第七日要安息；虽在耕种收割的时候，也要安息。 34:22 在收割初熟麦子的时候，要守七七节。又在年底，要守收藏节。 34:23 你们一切男丁，要一年三次朝见主耶和华以色列的　神。 34:24 我要从你面前赶出外邦人，扩张你的境界。你一年三次上去朝见耶和华你　神的时候，必没有人贪慕你的地土。 34:25 你不可将我祭物的血和有酵的饼一同献上。逾越节的祭物也不可留到早晨。 34:26 地里首先初熟之物，要送到耶和华你　神的殿。“不可用山羊羔母的奶煮山羊羔。” 34:27 耶和华吩咐摩西说：“你要将这些话写上，因为我是按这话与你和以色列人立约。” 34:28 摩西在耶和华那里四十昼夜，也不吃饭，也不喝水。耶和华将这约的话，就是十条诫，写在两块版上。 34:29 摩西手里拿着两块法版下西奈山的时候，不知道自己的面皮因耶和华和他说话就发了光。 34:30 亚伦和以色列众人看见摩西的面皮发光，就怕挨近他。 34:31 摩西叫他们来，于是亚伦和会众的官长都到他那里去，摩西就与他们说话。 34:32 随后，以色列众人都近前来，他就把耶和华在西奈山与他所说的一切话都吩咐他们。 34:33 摩西与他们说完了话，就用帕子蒙上脸。 34:34 但摩西进到耶和华面前与他说话，就揭去帕子；及至出来的时候，便将耶和华所吩咐的告诉以色列人。 34:35 以色列人看见摩西的面皮发光，摩西又用帕子蒙上脸，等到他进去与耶和华说话，就揭去帕子。

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五·重新立约（三四1～三五3）

　　三四1～9 神再次叫摩西单独上西乃山，这次要他把准备好的两块石版一同带去。主在那里显出自己是有怜悯，有恩典的神，不轻易发怒，并有丰盛的慈爱和诚实（6，7节）。

　　第7节用了三个关于错失的字。罪孽是指歪曲神的道。过犯是指叛逆神。罪恶直解作“犯罪”，失却神定的标靶。三个字都含有亏缺了神荣耀的意思（罗三23）。以色列人违反神的律法，本该处死，神却因着怜悯饶恕他们。摩西下拜神，求他同行，向不配的百姓施恩（8，9节）。

　　三四10～17 神重新立约，应许为以色列民行奇事，撵出迦南地居住的人。他提醒以色列人不可与外邦人混合，也不可敬拜他们的偶像。不可随从四围外族人的宗教去拜假神，要以绝对的忠诚，专一对他。亚施念（Asherim）是淫邪之像，或男性生殖器之偶像，象征生养众多。不可把异教崇拜与敬拜圣洁的神混在一起。因为神与他的民立了约，他们不得与那地的居民立约。主耶稣清楚说明：“一个仆人不能事奉两个主人……”一个人根本不可能又跟随神，同时又跟随偶像（参看林前一Ｏ21）。

　　三四18～27 神再次教导除酵节（18节）。头生的要分别为圣（19，20节）；安息日（21节）；七七节和收藏节（22节）的课题。第二十三章14至17节写说，一切男丁一年要三次朝见耶和华（23；24节）。注意第24节，神应许要控制迦南人的心意，好叫犹太男了一年三次上耶路撒冷的时候，迦南人不会企图抢夺百姓的财产。重覆讲述其它律例之后（25，26节），耶和华便吩咐摩西将他在第11至26节税的话写上（27节）然后耶和华亲到将这约的话，就是十条诫，写在两块版上（28节，比较1节和申一Ｏ1～4）

　　三四28～35 摩西在山上过了四十昼夜，手里拿着两块法版下山（28，29节上）。他不知道自己的面皮因为耶和华的同在而发起光来（29节下及30节）。百姓都怕挨近他。他把主的吩咐向以色列民陈述完毕，就用帕子蒙上脸（31～33节）。第33节说：“摩西与他们说完了话……”，而不是“直到……”。保罗在哥林多后书三章13节解释，说摩西蒙上脸，好叫百姓看不见律法的荣耀逐渐消失——律法将要废去。

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Exodus 34 The Two Tablets Replaced 1Now the LORD said to Moses, "Cut out for yourself (A)two stone tablets like the former ones, and (B)I will write on the tablets the words that were on the former tablets which you shattered. 2"So be ready by morning, and come up in the morning to (C)Mount Sinai, and present yourself there to Me on the top of the mountain. 3"(D)No man is to come up with you, nor let any man be seen anywhere on the mountain; even the flocks and the herds may not graze in front of that mountain." 4So he cut out (E)two stone tablets like the former ones, and Moses rose up early in the morning and went up to Mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and he took two stone tablets in his hand. 5(F)The LORD descended in the cloud and stood there with him as he called upon the name of the LORD. 6Then the LORD passed by in front of him and proclaimed, "The LORD, the LORD God, (G)compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in lovingkindness and truth; 7who (H)keeps lovingkindness for thousands, who forgives iniquity, transgression and sin; yet He (I)will by no means leave the guilty unpunished, (J)visiting the iniquity of fathers on the children and on the grandchildren to the third and fourth generations." 8Moses made haste (K)to bow low toward the earth and worship. 9He said, "(L)If now I have found favor in Your sight, O Lord, I pray, let the Lord go along in our midst, even though (M)the people are so obstinate, and (N)pardon our iniquity and our sin, and (O)take us as Your own possession." The Covenant Renewed 10Then God said, "Behold, (P)I am going to make a covenant Before all your people (Q)I will perform miracles which have not been produced in all the earth nor among any of the nations; and all the people among whom you live will see the working of the LORD, for it is a fearful thing that I am going to perform with you. 11"Be sure to observe what I am commanding you this day: behold, (R)I am going to drive out the Amorite before you, and the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite and the Jebusite. 12"(S)Watch yourself that you make no covenant with the inhabitants of the land into which you are going, or it will become a snare in your midst. 13"(T)But rather, you are to tear down their altars and smash their sacred pillars and cut down their [a](U)Asherim 14--for (V)you shall not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God-- 15otherwise you might make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land and they would play the harlot with their gods and (W)sacrifice to their gods, and someone (X)might invite you to eat of his sacrifice, 16and (Y)you might take some of his daughters for your sons, and his daughters might play the harlot with their gods and cause your sons also to play the harlot with their gods. 17"(Z)You shall make for yourself no molten gods. 18"You shall observe (AA)the Feast of Unleavened Bread For (AB)seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the appointed time in the (AC)month of Abib, for in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt. 19"(AD)The first offspring from every womb belongs to Me, and all your male livestock, the first offspring from cattle and sheep. 20"(AE)You shall redeem with a lamb the first offspring from a donkey; and if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck You shall redeem (AF)all the firstborn of your sons (AG)None shall appear before Me empty-handed. 21"You shall work (AH)six days, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even during plowing time and harvest you shall rest. 22"You shall celebrate (AI)the Feast of Weeks, that is, the first fruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year. 23"(AJ)Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel. 24"For I will (AK)drive out nations before you and enlarge your borders, and no man shall covet your land when you go up three times a year to appear before the LORD your God. 25"(AL)You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread, (AM)nor is the sacrifice of the Feast of the Passover to be left over until morning. 26"You shall bring (AN)the very first of the first fruits of your soil into the house of the LORD your God. "You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk." 27Then the LORD said to Moses, "(AO)Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made (AP)a covenant with you and with Israel." 28So he was there with the LORD (AQ)forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread or drink water And (AR)he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, (AS)the Ten Commandments. Moses' Face Shines 29It came about when Moses was coming down from Mount Sinai (and the (AT)two tablets of the testimony were in Moses' hand as he was coming down from the mountain), that Moses did not know that (AU)the skin of his face shone because of his speaking with Him. 30So when Aaron and all the sons of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone, and (AV)they were afraid to come near him. 31Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the rulers in the congregation returned to him; and Moses spoke to them. 32Afterward all the sons of Israel came near, and he commanded them to do everything that the LORD had spoken to him on Mount Sinai. 33When Moses had finished speaking with them, (AW)he put a veil over his face. 34But whenever Moses went in before the LORD to speak with Him, (AX)he would take off the veil until he came out; and whenever he came out and spoke to the sons of Israel what he had been commanded, 35(AY)the sons of Israel would see the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses' face shone. So Moses would replace the veil over his face until he went in to speak with Him.