出埃及记——第二十二章

约拿

出埃及记第二十二章： 22:1 人若偷牛或羊，无论是宰了，是卖了，他就要以五牛赔一牛，四羊赔一羊。 22:2 人若遇见贼挖窟窿，把贼打了，以至于死，就不能为他有流血的罪； 22:3 若太阳已经出来，就为他有流血的罪。贼若被拿，总要赔还；若他一无所有，就要被卖，顶他所偷的物。 22:4 若他所偷的，或牛，或驴，或羊，仍在他手下存活，他就要加倍赔还。 22:5 人若在田间或在葡萄园里放牲畜，任凭牲畜上别人的田里去吃，就必拿自己田间上好的和葡萄园上好的赔还。 22:6 若点火焚烧荆棘，以致将别人堆积的禾捆、站着的禾稼，或是田园，都烧尽了，那点火的必要赔还。 22:7 人若将银钱或家具交付邻舍看守，这物从那人的家被偷去，若把贼找到了，贼要加倍赔还； 22:8 若找不到贼，那家主必就近审判官，要看看他拿了原主的物件没有。 22:9 两个人的案件，无论是为什么过犯，或是为牛，为驴，为羊，为衣裳，或是为什么失掉之物，有一人说：‘这是我的’，两造就要将案件禀告审判官，审判官定谁有罪，谁就要加倍赔还。 22:10 人若将驴，或牛，或羊，或别的牲畜，交付邻舍看守，牲畜或死，或受伤，或被赶去，无人看见， 22:11 那看守的人，要凭着耶和华起誓。手里未曾拿邻舍的物，本主就要罢休，看守的人不必赔还。 22:12 牲畜若从看守的那里被偷去，他就要赔还本主； 22:13 若被野兽撕碎，看守的要带来当作证据，所撕的不必赔还。 22:14 人若向邻舍借什么，所借的或受伤，或死，本主没有同在一处，借的人总要赔还。 22:15 若本主同在一处，他就不必赔还；若是雇的，也不必赔还，本是为雇价来的。 22:16 人若引诱没有受聘的处女，与她行淫，他总要交出聘礼，娶她为妻。 22:17 若女子的父亲决不肯将女子给他，他就要按处女的聘礼，交出钱来。 22:18 行邪术的女人，不可容她存活。 22:19 凡与兽淫合的，总要把他治死。 22:20 祭祀别神，不单单祭祀耶和华的，那人必要灭绝。 22:21 不可亏负寄居的，也不可欺压他，因为你们在埃及地也作过寄居的。 22:22 不可苦待寡妇和孤儿。 22:23 若是苦待他们一点，他们向我一哀求，我总要听他们的哀声， 22:24 并要发烈怒，用刀杀你们，使你们的妻子为寡妇，儿女为孤儿。 22:25 我民中有贫穷人与你同住，你若借钱给他，不可如放债的向他取利。 22:26 你即或拿邻舍的衣服作当头，必在日落以先归还他； 22:27 因他只有这一件当盖头，是他盖身的衣服，若是没有，他拿什么睡觉呢？他哀求我，我就应允，因为我是有恩惠的。 22:28 不可毁谤　神，也不可毁谤你百姓的官长。 22:29 你要从你庄稼中的谷和酒□中滴出来的酒拿来献上，不可迟延。你要将头生的儿子归给我。 22:30 你牛羊头生的，也要这样，七天当跟着母，第八天要归给我。 22:31 你们要在我面前为圣洁的人，因此，田间被野兽撕裂牲畜的肉，你们不可吃，要丢给狗吃。

约拿

3．关于盗窃及财产损失的典章（二二1～6）

　　盗贼必须为所偷的东西，按他所偷之物的性质赔还。盗贼若在晚上挖窟窿而被人打死，杀害他的人不被定罪；因为他不知道盗贼的动机是谋财还是害命。若是在早上杀害盗贼便有罪了。如果盗贼无力赔偿，便得被卖作奴仆。如果被偷的动物仍然存活，盗贼得加倍赔还。如果农夫任凭牲畜上别人的禾田去吃，他得拿自己田间上好的和葡萄园上好的赔还别人所损失的数量。人若不慎点火焚烧荆棘，烧毁人家的收成，便要赔还。

4．关于不诚实的典章（二二7～15）

　　二二7～13 第7至9节提到关于交付别人看守的银钱或财物被偷去，偷盗的贼人要加倍赔还。若找不到贼，看守钱财的人便要来到审判官前，要看看他是否是犯罪的人。若遇到毁约的情况，审判官要定断被告和原告谁犯了罪，定罪的人要加倍赔还。在委托看守期间，牲畜或死、或受伤、或被赶去，看守的人若在耶和华面前起誓，说所发生的事并非自己能力可控制，便无需赔还。牲畜若因看守的人疏忽而被偷去，他便要赔还本主。若有尸体作证据，便不用赔偿被野兽所伤的牲畜。

　　二二14～15 若所借的牲畜受伤或死，借者总要赔还。若发生事故的时候，本主同在一处，能够保护牲畜，便不用赔还。牲畜若是雇的，也不用赔还，因为雇价已把意外损失计算。

5．关于引诱的典章（二二16，17）

　　人若引诱未婚的处女，与她行淫，便得娶她为妻，交出一般的聘礼。若女子的父亲不肯将女儿出嫁。那人仍然要付“聘礼”，因为女儿出嫁的机会可能大大减少。

6．关于公民及宗教责任的典章（二二18～二三19）

　　二二 18～20 除了杀人罪，另外三种要治死的罪分别是行邪术或巫术、与兽淫合和拜偶像。

　　二二21～24 神叫犹太人要同情寄居的客旅，对他们要公平，要想想自己也曾在埃及作过寄居的。孤儿寡妇当以人道对待，主亲自执行这条命令。在大部分违规的情况下，神委派人进行惩罚；但这次，神却直接处罚。他依然看护无助的人，他仍然关心孤儿寡妇。我们作为信徒，也当这样行。

　　我们惯于强调上帝的爱，以致我们往往忘记了，在何西阿未能宣告上帝的爱之前，阿摩司要传讲上帝的公义和它的要求：“惟愿公平如大水滚滚，使公义如江河滔滔”（五24）。不义就是对慈爱的否定。

　　二二25～27 虽然借钱给外邦人可以取利，但借钱给以色列人却不得取利（申二三20）。把衣服作当头的，必在日落以先归还他，因为那件衣服是作盖身的被单。因为在古时，衣服是人赖以生存的财产；人要花许多时间及精力，才能做成一件衣服。许多人仅有一件长袍，对他们来说非常贵重，晚上要用它来当被盖

　　二二28～31 不可毁谤神，也不可毁谤官长（比较徒二三5）。主收取他的分，不论是谷物、儿子，还是牲畜。头生的牲畜在第八天献给神。不可吃被野兽撕裂牲畜的肉。在这种情况下，牲畜的血不会立刻干，而吃血是违反神的律法（利一七）。此外，神这样做是要保护他的民，因为牲畜很容易传染各类疾病（如狂犬病），造成感染病毒的危机。

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Exodus 22 Property Rights 1"If a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox and (A)four sheep for the sheep. 2"If the (B)thief is caught while breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there will be no bloodguiltiness on his account. 3"But if the sun has risen on him, there will be bloodguiltiness on his account. He shall surely make restitution; if he owns nothing, then he shall be (C)sold for his theft. 4"If what he stole is actually found alive in his possession, whether an ox or a donkey or a sheep, (D)he shall pay double. 5"If a man lets a field or vineyard be grazed bare and lets his animal loose so that it grazes in another man's field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard. 6"If a fire breaks out and spreads to thorn bushes, so that stacked grain or the standing grain or the field itself is consumed, he who started the fire shall surely make restitution. 7"(E)If a man gives his neighbor money or goods to keep for him and it is stolen from the man's house, if the thief is caught, he shall pay double. 8"If the thief is not caught, then the owner of the house shall appear before (F)the judges, to determine whether he laid his hands on his neighbor's property. 9"For every breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, 'This is it,' the case of both parties shall come before (G)the judges; he whom the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. 10"If a man gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep for him, and it dies or is hurt or is driven away while no one is looking, 11an (H)oath before the LORD shall be made by the two of them that he has not laid hands on his neighbor's property; and its owner shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution. 12"But if it is actually stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner. 13"If it is all torn to pieces, let him bring it as evidence; he shall not make restitution for what has been torn to pieces. 14"If a man borrows anything from his neighbor, and it is injured or dies while its owner is not with it, he shall make full restitution. 15"If its owner is with it, he shall not make restitution; if it is hired, it came for its hire. Sundry Laws 16"(I)If a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged, and lies with her, he must pay a dowry for her to be his wife. 17"If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money equal to the (J)dowry for virgins. 18"You shall not allow a (K)sorceress to live. 19"(L)Whoever lies with an animal shall surely be put to death. 20"(M)He who sacrifices to any god, other than to the LORD alone, shall be utterly destroyed. 21"(N)You shall not wrong a stranger or oppress him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. 22"(O)You shall not afflict any widow or orphan. 23"If you afflict him at all, and (P)if he does cry out to Me, (Q)I will surely hear his cry; 24and My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword, (R)and your wives shall become widows and your children fatherless. 25"(S)If you lend money to My people, to the poor among you, you are not to act as a creditor to him; you shall not charge him (T)interest. 26"If you ever take your neighbor's cloak (U)as a pledge, you are to return it to him before the sun sets, 27for that is his only covering; it is his cloak for his body. What else shall he sleep in? And it shall come about that (V)when he cries out to Me, I will hear him, for (W)I am gracious. 28"You shall not (X)curse God, (Y)nor curse a ruler of your people. 29"(Z)You shall not delay the offering from your harvest and your vintage (AA)The firstborn of your sons you shall give to Me. 30"(AB)You shall do the same with your oxen and with your sheep It shall be with its mother seven days; (AC)on the eighth day you shall give it to Me. 31"(AD)You shall be holy men to Me, therefore (AE)you shall not eat any flesh torn to pieces in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs.