出埃及记——第十九章

约拿

出埃及记第十九章： 19:1 以色列人出埃及地以后，满了三个月的那一天，就来到西奈的旷野。 19:2 他们离了利非订，来到西奈的旷野，就在那里的山下安营。 19:3 摩西到　神那里，耶和华从山上呼唤他说：“你要这样告诉雅各家，晓谕以色列人说： 19:4 ‘我向埃及人所行的事，你们都看见了，且看见我如鹰将你们背在翅膀上，带来归我。 19:5 如今你们若实在听从我的话，遵守我的约，就要在万民中作属我的子民；因为全地都是我的，　 19:6 你们要归我作祭司的国度，为圣洁的国民。’这些话你要告诉以色列人。” 19:7 摩西去召了民间的长老来，将耶和华所吩咐他的话，都在他们面前陈明。 19:8 百姓都同声回答说：“凡耶和华所说的，我们都要遵行。”摩西就将百姓的话回覆耶和华。 19:9 耶和华对摩西说：“我要在密云中临到你那里，叫百姓在我与你说话的时候可以听见，也可以永远信你了。”于是摩西将百姓的话奏告耶和华。 19:10 耶和华又对摩西说：“你往百姓那里去，叫他们今天明天自洁，又叫他们洗衣服。 19:11 到第三天要预备好了，因为第三天耶和华要在众百姓眼前降临在西奈山上。 19:12 你要在山的四围给百姓定界限，说：‘你们当谨慎，不可上山去，也不可摸山的边界；凡摸这山的，必要治死他。 19:13 不可用手摸他，必用石头打死，或用箭射透，无论是人是牲畜，都不得活。到角声拖长的时候，他们才可到山根来。’” 19:14 摩西下山往百姓那里去，叫他们自洁，他们就洗衣服。 19:15 他对百姓说：“到第三天要预备好了，不可亲近女人。” 19:16 到了第三天早晨，在山上有雷轰、闪电和密云，并且角声甚大，营中的百姓尽都发颤。 19:17 摩西率领百姓出营迎接　神，都站在山下。 19:18 西奈全山冒烟，因为耶和华在火中降于山上，山的烟气上腾，如烧窑一般，遍山大大地震动。 19:19 角声渐渐地高而又高，摩西就说话，　神有声音答应他。 19:20 耶和华降临在西奈山顶上，耶和华召摩西上山顶，摩西就上去。 19:21 耶和华对摩西说：“你下去嘱咐百姓，不可闯过来到我面前观看，恐怕他们有多人死亡； 19:22 又叫亲近我的祭司自洁，恐怕我忽然出来击杀他们。” 19:23 摩西对耶和华说：“百姓不能上西奈山，因为你已经嘱咐我们说：‘要在山的四围定界限，叫山成圣。’” 19:24 耶和华对他说：“下去吧！你要和亚伦一同上来，只是祭司和百姓不可闯过来上到我面前，恐怕我忽然出来击杀他们。” 19:25 于是摩西下到百姓那里告诉他们。

约拿

玖·颁布律法（一九～二四）

—．为神启示作准备（一九）

　　一九1～9 以色列人到达了西乃山。出埃及记的其余部分、利未记和民数记头九章都记载这里发生的事情。西奈山（何烈山），是以色列历史上最神圣的地区之一，位于西奈半岛的中南部。摩西在这个山的荆棘火焰中遇见神，神在这里与以色列人立约，以利亚在这里听见神微小的声音，神也在此将律法和圣洁生活的原则赐给他的百姓。他们知道了顺服神则会蒙福（三四4-28），不顺服则会陷入悲惨的境地（三四32）。

　　从亚当到这时，一直都没有从神直接设立的律法。神一直用恩典与他的民相处。现在神给以色列有条件的约，定下了律法：“如今你们若实在听从我的话，遵守我的约，就要在万民中作属我的子民……你们要归我作祭司的国度，为圣洁的国民。”如果他们听从，神便祝福。以色列人不晓得自己的罪和无助，已经准备好答应神。慕迪评论说：“‘耶和华所说的，我们都要遵行。’多么狂妄自信的语气。金牛犊、摔碎石版、忽视律例、用石头打死神的使者、拒绝和钉死基督。排山倒海的证据，都证明人根本不尊重誓约。”

　　一九10～20 神叫百姓洗衣服，免行房事，以准备领受他的启示。这样做是要教导他们，在神面前，必须洁净。百姓要在日常生活中远离罪，才能将自己献给神。我们朝拜神，迎见他的时候，应当将忧虑与杂务抛开。

　　西乃山是禁地，不论是人是动物，都不可摸这山，否则必要治死。闯上山的便属违例，必要在一段距离外用石头或用箭射死。只有摩西和亚伦可上山（24节），并且必须在角声拖长时方可上。西乃山被密云笼罩，雷轰闪电，冒出烟火，遍山大大的震动。这一切描述与神相会的惊骇，尤其在守律法的基础上。西乃山是律法地，故人在山下战兢恐惧；加略山是恩典地，人在加略山下欢喜快乐。人是先到西乃山，后到加略山；先知罪，后靠十架。

　　一九21～25 耶和华重覆嘱咐摩西和百姓，不可模山。摩西起初觉得没有必要这样提醒百姓，但最后也遵从了神的吩咐。第22和24节的祭司也许是指头生的儿子。

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Exodus 19 Moses on Sinai 1(A)In the third month after the sons of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on that very day they came into the wilderness of (B)Sinai. 2When they set out from (C)Rephidim, they came to the wilderness of Sinai and camped in the wilderness; and there Israel camped in front of (D)the mountain. 3Moses went up to God, and (E)the LORD called to him from the mountain, saying, "Thus you shall say to the house of Jacob and tell the sons of Israel: 4'(F)You yourselves have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on (G)eagles' wings, and brought you to Myself. 5'Now then, (H)if you will indeed obey My voice and (I)keep My covenant, then you shall be (J)My [a]own possession among all the peoples, for (K)all the earth is Mine; 6and you shall be to Me (L)a kingdom of priests and (M)a holy nation.' These are the words that you shall speak to the sons of Israel." 7(N)So Moses came and called the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which the LORD had commanded him. 8(O)All the people answered together and said, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do!" And Moses brought back the words of the people to the LORD. 9The LORD said to Moses, "Behold, I will come to you in (P)a thick cloud, so that the (Q)people may hear when I speak with you and may also believe in you forever." Then Moses told the words of the people to the LORD. 10The LORD also said to Moses, "Go to the people and (R)consecrate them today and tomorrow, and let them (S)wash their garments; 11and let them be ready for the third day, for on (T)the third day the LORD will come down on Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people. 12"You shall set bounds for the people all around, saying, 'Beware that you do not go up on the mountain or touch the border of it; (U)whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death. 13'No hand shall touch him, but (V)he shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether beast or man, he shall not live ' When the ram's horn sounds a long blast, they shall come up to (W)the mountain." 14So Moses went down from the mountain to the people and consecrated the people, and they washed their garments. 15He said to the people, "Be ready for the third day; do not go near a woman." 16(X)So it came about on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunder and lightning flashes and a thick cloud upon the mountain and a very loud trumpet sound, so that all the people who were in the camp trembled. 17And Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain. The LORD Visits Sinai 18(Y)Now Mount Sinai was all in smoke because the LORD descended upon it (Z)in fire; and its smoke ascended like (AA)the smoke of a furnace, and (AB)the whole mountain quaked violently. 19When the sound of the trumpet grew louder and louder, Moses spoke and (AC)God answered him with thunder. 20(AD)The LORD came down on Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain; and the LORD called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. 21Then the LORD spoke to Moses, "Go down, warn the people, so that (AE)they do not break through to the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. 22"Also let the (AF)priests who come near to the LORD consecrate themselves, or else the LORD will break out against them." 23Moses said to the LORD, "The people cannot come up to Mount Sinai, for You warned us, saying, '(AG)Set bounds about the mountain and consecrate it.'" 24Then the LORD said to him, "Go down and come up again, (AH)you and Aaron with you; but do not let the (AI)priests and the people break through to come up to the LORD, or He will break forth upon them." 25So Moses went down to the people and told them.