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出埃及记——第十二章

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发表于 2005-3-8 21:27 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
出埃及记第十二章: 12:1 耶和华在埃及地晓谕摩西、亚伦说: 12:2 “你们要以本月为正月,为一年之首。 12:3 你们吩咐以色列全会众说,本月初十日,各人要按著父家取羊羔,一家一只。 12:4 若是一家的人太少,吃不了一只羊羔,本人就要和他隔壁的邻舍共取一只。你们预备羊羔,要按著人数和饭量计算。 12:5 要无残疾、一岁的公羊羔,你们或从绵羊里取,或从山羊里取,都可以。  12:6 要留到本月十四日,在黄昏的时候,以色列全会众把羊羔宰了。 12:7 各家要取点血,涂在吃羊羔的房屋左右的门框上和门楣上。 12:8 当夜要吃羊羔的肉,用火烤了,与无酵饼和苦菜同吃。 12:9 不可吃生的,断不可吃水煮的,要带著头、腿、五脏,用火烤了吃。 12:10 不可剩下一点留到早晨,若留到早晨,要用火烧了。 12:11 你们吃羊羔当腰间束带,脚上穿鞋,手中拿杖,赶紧地吃,这是耶和华的逾越节。 12:12 因为那夜我要巡行埃及地,把埃及地一切头生的,无论是人是牲畜,都击杀了,又要败坏埃及一切的神。我是耶和华。 12:13 这血要在你们所住的房屋上作记号,我一见这血,就越过你们去,我击杀埃及地头生的时候,灾殃必不临到你们身上灭你们。 12:14 你们要记念这日,守为耶和华的节,作为你们世世代代永远的定例。 12:15 你们要吃无酵饼七日。头一日要把酵从你们各家中除去,因为从头一日起,到第七日为止,凡吃有酵之饼的,必从以色列中剪除。 12:16 头一日你们当有圣会,第七日也当有圣会,这两日之内,除了预备各人所要吃的以外,无论何工都不可做。 12:17 你们要守无酵节,因为我正当这日把你们的军队从埃及地领出来;所以你们要守这日,作为世世代代永远的定例。 12:18 从正月十四日晚上,直到二十一日晚上,你们要吃无酵饼。 12:19 在你们各家中,七日之内不可有酵,因为凡吃有酵之物的,无论是寄居的,是本地的,必从以色列的会中剪除。 12:20 有酵的物,你们都不可吃,在你们一切住处要吃无酵饼。” 12:21 于是,摩西召了以色列的众长老来,对他们说:“你们要按著家口取出羊羔,把这逾越节的羊羔宰了。 12:22 拿一把牛膝草,蘸盆里的血,打在门楣上和左右的门框上。你们谁也不可出自己的房门,直到早晨。 12:23 因为耶和华要巡行击杀埃及人,他看见血在门楣上和左右的门框上,就必越过那门,不容灭命的进你们的房屋,击杀你们。 12:24 这例,你们要守著,作为你们和你们子孙永远的定例。 12:25 日后,你们到了耶和华按著所应许赐给你们的那地,就要守这礼。 12:26 你们的儿女问你们说:‘行这礼是什么意思?’ 12:27 你们就说:‘这是献给耶和华逾越节的祭。当以色列人在埃及的时候,他击杀埃及人,越过以色列人的房屋,救了我们各家。’”于是,百姓低头下拜。 12:28 耶和华怎样吩咐摩西、亚伦,以色列人就怎样行。 12:29 到了半夜,耶和华把埃及地所有的长子,就是从坐宝座的法老,直到被掳囚在监里之人的长子,以及一切头生的牲畜,尽都杀了。 12:30 法老和一切臣仆,并埃及众人,夜间都起来了。在埃及有大哀号,无一家不死一个人的。 12:31 夜间,法老召了摩西、亚伦来,说:“起来!连你们带以色列人,从我民中出去,依你们所说的,去事奉耶和华吧! 12:32 也依你们所说的,连羊群、牛群带著走吧!并要为我祝福。” 12:33 埃及人催促百姓,打发他们快快出离那地,因为埃及人说:“我们都要死了。” 12:34 百姓就拿著没有酵的生面,把搏面盆包在衣服中,扛在肩头上。 12:35 以色列人照著摩西的话行,向埃及人要金器、银器和衣裳。 12:36 耶和华叫百姓在埃及人眼前蒙恩,以致埃及人给他们所要的,他们就把埃及人的财物夺去了。 12:37 以色列人从兰塞起行,往疏割去,除了妇人、孩子,步行的男人约有六十万。 12:38 又有许多闲杂人,并有羊群、牛群和他们一同上去。 12:39 他们用埃及带出来的生面烤成无酵饼,这生面原没有发起,因为他们被催逼离开埃及,不能耽延,也没有为自己预备什么食物。 12:40 以色列人住在埃及共有四百三十年。 12:41 正满了四百三十年的那一天,耶和华的军队都从埃及地出来了。  12:42 这夜是耶和华的夜,因耶和华领他们出了埃及地,所以当向耶和华谨守,是以色列众人世世代代该谨守的。 12:43 耶和华对摩西、亚伦说:“逾越节的例是这样:外邦人都不可吃这羊羔。 12:44 但各人用银子买的奴仆,既受了割礼,就可以吃。 12:45 寄居的和雇工人都不可吃。 12:46 应当在一个房子里吃,不可把一点肉从房子里带到外头去。羊羔的骨头一根也不可折断。 12:47 以色列全会众都要守这礼。 12:48 若有外人寄居在你们中间,愿向耶和华守逾越节,他所有的男子务要受割礼,然后才容他前来遵守,他也就像本地人一样;但未受割礼的,都不可吃这羊羔。 12:49 本地人和寄居在你们中间的外人同归一例。” 12:50 耶和华怎样吩咐摩西、亚伦,以色列众人就怎样行了。 12:51 正当那日,耶和华将以色列人按著他们的军队,从埃及地领出来。
 楼主| 发表于 2005-3-8 21:29 | 显示全部楼层

  一二1~10 耶和华清楚地晓谕摩西和亚伦,教他们如何为第一次的逾越节作准备。羊羔当然预表主耶稣基督(林前五7)。这羊羔必须无残疾,说明基督的无罪;且是一岁的公羊羔,或者指出主在黄金年华被剪除;公羊羔要留到本月十四日,指示救主在拿撒勒的三十载生活,中间被神试验,然后三年公开让人认识;羊羔被以色列全会众宰杀,就如基督落在无法之人的手,给他们杀害(徒二23);此外,羊羔在黄昏的时候遭宰杀,即在第九至第十一时期间,就脚稣在第九时(太二七45~50)被杀一样。羊羔的血涂在门上,拯救子民脱离毁灭者(7节),就如基督的血叫人凭着信,从罪、自我和撒但中得到拯救。羊羔的肉用火烤,预表基督为我们的罪受神的咒诅。吃羊羔要与无酵饼和苦菜同吃,表示基督成为他子民的粮食。我们当诚实地按真理过活,不沾恶毒邪恶的酵。并且真心悔改,常常谨记基督受的苦楚。羊羔的骨头,一根也不可折断(46节),这规定正在我们的主身上成就了(约一九36)

  一二11~20 第一个逾越节是由一群将要上路的人守的。这提醒我们,长途客旅当轻装上路。逾越节的命名,是因为耶和华越过有血记的房子。“越过”不是“忽视”。高雅伦解释说:“不论是根据词源学,还是把它看为双关语, Pesah对以色列人来说都是指“越过”或“跃过”;同样是指神在这件历史事迹上的作为——赦免以色列人。”

  逾越节是以色列人宗教年历中的第十四日(2节)。与逾越节有密切连系的是无酵节。逾越节第一晚,百姓匆忙离开埃及,根本没有时间等待生面发酵(34,39节)。以后他们每逢逾越节,七日之内不可有酵,为要记念出埃及时的匆忙。因为酵代表罪,他们也要记念是借着血才得救赎,应当远离罪和世界(埃及)。凡吃有酵的饼的,都要被剪除——驱逐出营,剥夺权利。在某些情况下,“剪除”含有定死罪的意思。

  一二21~27 然后,我们听见摩西向百姓中的众长老转达神的训示,他又仔细告诉他们如何把血洒在门上。牛膝草可以代表信心,即个人借着基督的血得赎。逾越节提供一个出发点,当下一代问及这仪式的意义时,便可教导他们救赎的故事。

  以色列人每年一次过逾越节,纪念蒙神引领出埃及。他们每年都要庄严隆重地纪念这一个晚上,追想神的灭命天使如何越过他们的家。他们感谢神拯救免死,领他们离开奴役与罪恶之地。现代的基督徒也体验到得救的日子──神救我们脱离灵性的死亡,挣脱奴役的日子。主的晚餐(“圣餐”)就是我们的逾越节,纪念我们脱离罪恶,得享新生命,也纪念主耶稣的受苦和为我们而死。

  以色列人的好些节期都是神亲自订立的,逾越节就是其中之一,是要纪念神为他们所做的大事。在今天,宗教节日也有深远意义,使我们年年都想起神为我们所做的大事。在旧约时代,神悦纳人预表式的献祭。在主耶稣被钉十字架牺牲以前,神悦纳牲畜代替罪人受死,赎回人的生命。耶稣来了以后,以自己无罪的生命代替我们犯罪的生命,担当了人因罪所当受的刑罚。他救赎我们脱离罪的权势,使我们与神和好。因着他的牺牲,就不再需要以牲畜来献祭了。节日使老一代不忘过去,使年轻人追思效法。

  一二28~30 到了半夜,风暴终于如神的警告一样来临。在埃及有大哀号,无一家不死一个人的。以色列人的长子得免被杀,是因为他们宰了没有残缺的羊羔,把血涂在各家的门框和横楣上。羔羊代替了在灾祸之中应当被杀的以色列人长子。他们从此深知,得免死亡是由于有无辜的生命代他们牺牲的缘故。最终,以色列终于获准离开。

柒·出埃及(一二31~一五21)

一.逃往红海(一二31~一三22)

  一二31~37 第31节不一定指摩西面对面见法老(参看一O29)。仆人往往听从主人的吩咐去说话办事。摩西曾预言法老的臣仆要俯伏求以色列人离去。(一一8)以色列人起行往疏割,这是埃及的地域,不是巴勒斯坦的另一个同名城镇疏割(创三三17)。埃及人不知多高兴,他们把财物给以色列人,打发他们离去。

  对希伯来人而言,这些财物不过是补偿他们受法老劳役罢了。这些财物成为他们旅途的装备,也成了事奉神的用品。约有六十万男丁离开埃及,还有妇女和孩子。男人确实的数目是六十万三千五百五十人(三八26)。以色列人的总数大约是二百万人。

  一二38~39 出埃及的确实日子颇有争议。一般的保守看法是主前一四四O年,也有学者认为是主前一一九O年,甚至更后的时期(参看简介)。闲杂人(即包括外邦人)跟随以色列人离开埃及。民数记十一章十节视他们为“乌合之众”,那时他们漠视主的恩慈,向主埋怨。

  一二40~42 有关第40节中的年表;参看创世记十五章13至14节的注释。这里提到的四百三十年,包括以色列人在埃及的时间。这是确实的数字,直到满了的那一天。有一点很重要,主没有忘记他几百年前的应许。他把百姓带领出来,应验了他的话。神对救赎我们的应许从不懈怠(彼后三9),将来有一天,摩西所预示的主耶稣要领他的民离开这世界,进入永生的应许之地。

  一二43~51 逾越节的规例强调,不论是外邦人、邻舍或工人,只有受了割礼的男人才可参加。外邦人都不可吃这羊羔……寄居的和雇工人,都不可吃。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-8 21:31:22编辑过]
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发表于 2005-5-16 21:48 | 显示全部楼层
Exodus 12 The Passover Lamb 1Now the LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 2"(A)This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it is to be the first month of the year to you. 3"Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, 'On the tenth of this month they are each one to take a lamb for themselves, according to their fathers' households, a lamb for each household. 4'Now if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his neighbor nearest to his house are to take one according to the number of persons in them; according to what each man should eat, you are to divide the lamb. 5'Your lamb shall be (B)an unblemished male a year old; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6'You shall keep it until the (C)fourteenth day of the same month, then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel is to kill it (D)at twilight. 7'(E)Moreover, they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses in which they eat it. 8'They shall eat the flesh (F)that same night, (G)roasted with fire, and they shall eat it with (H)unleavened bread (I)and bitter herbs. 9'Do not eat any of it raw or boiled at all with water, but rather (J)roasted with fire, both its head and its legs along with (K)its entrails. 10'(L)And you shall not leave any of it over until morning, but whatever is left of it until morning, you shall burn with fire. 11'Now you shall eat it in this manner: with your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste--it is (M)the LORD'S Passover. 12'For (N)I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and (O)against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments--(P)I am the LORD. 13'(Q)The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you live; and when I see the blood I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. Feast of Unleavened Bread 14'Now (R)this day will be (S)a memorial to you, and you shall celebrate it as a feast to the LORD; throughout your generations you are to celebrate it as (T)a permanent ordinance. 15'(U)Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses; for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day, (V)that person shall be cut off from Israel. 16'(W)On the first day you shall have a holy assembly, and another holy assembly on the seventh day; no work at all shall be done on them, except what must be eaten by every person, that alone may be prepared by you. 17'You shall also observe (X)the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this (Y)very day I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt; therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as (Z)a permanent ordinance. 18'(AA)In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. 19'(AB)Seven days there shall be no leaven found in your houses; for whoever eats what is leavened, that (AC)person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is an alien or a native of the land. 20'You shall not eat anything leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.'" 21Then (AD)Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, "Go and (AE)take for yourselves lambs according to your families, and slay (AF)the Passover lamb. 22"(AG)You shall take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood which is in the basin, and apply some of the blood that is in the basin to the lintel and the two doorposts; and none of you shall go outside the door of his house until morning. A Memorial of Redemption 23"For (AH)the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door and will (AI)not allow the (AJ)destroyer to come in to your houses to smite you. 24"And (AK)you shall observe this event as an ordinance for you and your children forever. 25"When you enter the land which the LORD will give you, as He has promised, you shall observe this rite. 26"(AL)And when your children say to you, 'What does this rite mean to you?' 27you shall say, 'It is a Passover sacrifice to (AM)the LORD who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He smote the Egyptians, but spared our homes '" (AN)And the people bowed low and worshiped. 28Then the sons of Israel went and did so; just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 29Now it came about at (AO)midnight that (AP)the LORD struck all (AQ)the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of (AR)cattle. 30Pharaoh arose in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was (AS)a great cry in Egypt, for there was no home where there was not someone dead. 31Then (AT)he called for Moses and Aaron at night and said, "Rise up, (AU)get out from among my people, both you and the sons of Israel; and go, worship the LORD, as you have said. 32"Take (AV)both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go, and bless me also." Exodus of Israel 33(AW)The Egyptians urged the people, to send them out of the land in haste, for they said, "We will all be dead." 34So the people took (AX)their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders. 35(AY)Now the sons of Israel had done according to the word of Moses, for they had requested from the Egyptians articles of silver and articles of gold, and clothing; 36and the LORD had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have their request. Thus they (AZ)plundered the Egyptians. 37Now the (BA)sons of Israel journeyed from (BB)Rameses to Succoth, about (BC)six hundred thousand men on foot, aside from children. 38A (BD)mixed multitude also went up with them, along with flocks and herds, a (BE)very large number of livestock. 39They baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened bread. For it had not become leavened, since they were (BF)driven out of Egypt and could not delay, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves. 40Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was (BG)four hundred and thirty years. 41And at the end of four hundred and thirty years, to (BH)the very day, (BI)all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. Ordinance of the Passover 42(BJ)It is a night to be observed for the LORD for having brought them out from the land of Egypt; this night is for the LORD, to be observed by all the sons of Israel throughout their generations. 43The LORD said to Moses and Aaron, "This is the ordinance of (BK)the Passover: no [a](BL)foreigner is to eat of it; 44but every man's (BM)slave purchased with money, after you have circumcised him, then he may eat of it. 45"(BN)A sojourner or a hired servant shall not eat of it. 46"It is to be eaten in a single house; you are not to bring forth any of the flesh outside of the house, (BO)nor are you to break any bone of it. 47"(BP)All the congregation of Israel are to celebrate this. 48"But (BQ)if a stranger sojourns with you, and celebrates the Passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near to celebrate it; and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat of it. 49"(BR)The same law shall apply to the native as to the stranger who sojourns among you." 50Then all the sons of Israel did so; they did just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron. 51And on that same day (BS)the LORD brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt (BT)by their hosts.
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