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创世记——第二十二章

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发表于 2005-1-26 20:55 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
创世记第二十二章: 22:1 这些事以后, 神要试验亚伯拉罕,就呼叫他说:“亚伯拉罕!”他说:“我在这里。”   22:2 神说:“你带著你的儿子,就是你独生的儿子,你所爱的以撒,往摩利亚地去,在我所要指示你的山上,把他献为燔祭。” 22:3 亚伯拉罕清早起来,备上驴,带著两个仆人和他儿子以撒,也劈好了燔祭的柴,就起身往 神所指示他的地方去了。 22:4 到了第三日,亚伯拉罕举目远远地看见那地方。 22:5 亚伯拉罕对他的仆人说:“你们和驴在此等候,我与童子往那里去拜一拜,就回到你们这里来。” 22:6 亚伯拉罕把燔祭的柴放在他儿子以撒身上,自己手里拿著火与刀,于是二人同行。 22:7 以撒对他父亲亚伯拉罕说:“父亲哪!”亚伯拉罕说:“我儿,我在这里。”以撒说:“请看,火与柴都有了,但燔祭的羊羔在哪里呢?” 22:8 亚伯拉罕说:“我儿, 神必自己预备作燔祭的羊羔。”于是二人同行。 22:9 他们到了 神所指示的地方,亚伯拉罕在那里筑坛,把柴摆好,捆绑他的儿子以撒,放在坛的柴上。 22:10 亚伯拉罕就伸手拿刀,要杀他的儿子。 22:11 耶和华的使者从天上呼叫他说:“亚伯拉罕!亚伯拉罕!”他说:“我在这里。” 22:12 天使说:“你不可在这童子身上下手,一点不可害他!现在我知道你是敬畏 神的了,因为你没有将你的儿子,就是你独生的儿子,留下不给我。” 22:13 亚伯拉罕举目观看,不料,有一只公羊,两角扣在稠密的小树中,亚伯拉罕就取了那只公羊来,献为燔祭,代替他的儿子。 22:14 亚伯拉罕给那地方起名叫“耶和华以勒”(注:意思就是“耶和华必预备”),直到今日人还说:“在耶和华的山上必有预备。” 22:15 耶和华的使者第二次从天上呼叫亚伯拉罕说: 22:16 “耶和华说:‘你既行了这事,不留下你的儿子,就是你独生的儿子,我便指著自己起誓说: 22:17 论福,我必赐大福给你;论子孙,我必叫你的子孙多起来,如同天上的星,海边的沙。你子孙必得著仇敌的城门,  22:18 并且地上万国都必因你的后裔得福,因为你听从了我的话。’” 22:19 于是亚伯拉罕回到他仆人那里,他们一同起身往别是巴去,亚伯拉罕就住在别是巴。 22:20 这事以后,有人告诉亚伯拉罕说:“密迦给你兄弟拿鹤生了几个儿子: 22:21 长子是乌斯,他的兄弟是布斯和亚兰的父亲基母利, 22:22 并基薛、哈琐、必达、益拉、彼土利(彼土利生利百加)。” 22:23 这八个人都是密迦给亚伯拉罕的兄弟拿鹤生的。 22:24 拿鹤的妾名叫流玛,生了提八、迦含、他辖和玛迦。
[此贴子已经被作者于2005-1-26 20:55:56编辑过]
 楼主| 发表于 2005-1-26 20:56 | 显示全部楼层

9.亚伯拉罕献以撒(二二)

  二二1~10 除了各各他山之外,圣经中没有一幕比献以撒更惨痛的了;也无人能更清楚预示神的独生爱子钉死在十字架上了。神命令亚伯拉罕往摩利亚地去,把以撒献为燔祭,是对亚伯拉罕信心的最严峻考验。其实,神无意要亚伯拉罕真的杀死以撒,神一向都反对把人献作燔祭。神只是要他在心中献上以撒,以显明亚伯拉罕爱神,多于爱神所应许的他期待已久的儿子。

  并不是全知的神需要藉试验才能得知亚伯拉罕的信心怎样,而是藉此使受试验的人显出他实际的光景,因而能更深认识自己。神要试验亚伯拉罕,并不是要捉弄他,使他跌倒;而是要增强他对神的顺服,建立他的品格。今天,神也在考验我们,考验的目的是要锻炼我们的品格,正如用火把矿沙炼净一样,神常常藉着艰难的环境熬炼我们,帮助我们更顺服神和他的安排。当我们受到试炼时,不要埋怨神,也许是他要锻炼我们的品格。

  摩利亚是一列山脉,耶路撒冷(代下三1)和各各地山也在其上。神说:“就是你独生的儿子,你所爱的以撒。”这一定刺透了亚伯拉罕的心,象一个长远深刻的伤口。以撒是亚伯拉罕的独生子,意思是神应许的独生子——是独一无二的,他的出生真是个奇迹。

  在圣经中用过一次的字词,常是其中各经卷的使用样本。“所爱的”(2节)和“敬拜”(5节)在这里首次出现。亚伯拉罕对儿子的爱隐隐约约地勾画出神对主耶稣的爱。献以撒刻画出至高无上的敬拜——救主亲自牺牲,成就神的旨。”

  二二11,12 圣经出现过十次重呼人的名字。“亚伯拉罕!亚伯拉罕”是第一次。其中七次是神呼唤人(创二二11;四六2;出三4;撒上三10;路一O41;二二31;徒九4)。另外三次分别在马太福音七章21至22节;二十三章37节;马可福音十五章34节,用以介绍分外重要的事情。耶和华的使者(11节)正是神(12节)

  二二13~15 献以撒无疑是对亚伯拉罕信心的最严峻考验。神曾应许借亚伯拉罕的儿子使亚伯拉罕成为多国之父。以撒当时最多只有二十五岁,未婚。亚伯拉罕若杀掉以撒,又怎能实现应许呢?根据希伯来书十一章19节,亚伯拉罕相信,即使他杀了儿子,神也可以使以撒从死里复活。这么大的信心是罕独有的,在那时候,人类历史上从未有过死人复活的事。注意亚伯拉罕的信心:“我与童子往那里去拜一拜,就回到你们这里来(二二5)亚伯拉罕相信献上以撒之后,神能叫他复活(来十一17~19),所以他在这里所说的话,是凭信说话,而不是敷衍仆人。亚伯拉罕首次因信心称义(一五6);然后因行为称义(证明无罪)(参看雅二21)。他的信心就是他得救的方法,他顺服的行为正是真正信心的明证。

  多年来他在艰苦的磨练中已学到顺服神的重要;这次他对神的顺服既迅速又完全。以撒问道:“燔祭的羊羔在那里呢?”父亲回答说:“神必自己预备作燔祭的羊羔。”最终,不是由第13节的公羊应验应许,而是由神的羔羊——主耶稣亲自成就应许(约一29)经过这次艰难的体验后,亚伯拉罕加强了对神的委身和顺服,也认识到神供应的大能。

  本章出现两个象征基督的独特标记。一是以撒:那独生子,父亲疼爱的,愿意遵行父亲的心意,从死里失而复得的。二是公羊:代人赎罪的无辜受害者,流血并献作燔祭,且要完全烧尽献给神的。有人说,神预备公羊代替以撒:“神挪开伤透亚伯拉罕心头的刺,却不去挪开伤透自己心头的刺。”神阻止亚伯拉罕杀他的儿子,却不保留自己的独生子耶稣,要他死在十字架上。若耶稣存活,则全人类都要死。神差独生子为我们死,好使我们免受应得的永死,反得永生(约三16)。

  正如在整本旧约中一样,第11和15节提及的“耶和华的使者”解经家认为就是主耶稣基督。

  亚伯拉罕给那地起名叫耶和华以勒(耶和华预备的意思)(14节)。旧约中有七个用来称呼神的复合名,这是其中一个,其余如下:

  耶和华拉法——耶和华是医治你的(出一五26)   耶和华尼西——耶和华是我的旌旗(出一七8~15)   耶和华沙龙——耶和华是平安(士六24)   耶和华路以——耶和华我牧者(诗二三1)   耶和华齐根努——耶和华我们的义(耶二三6)   耶和华沙玛——耶和华所在(结四八35)

  二二16~19 亚伯拉罕毫无保留地顺服神,所以他得到神极多的祝福:

  耶和华指着自己起誓,因为没有比他自己更大的(来六13)。神借他的誓言落实这里的应许:(1)神赐给他的后裔有胜过仇敌的能力;(2)神应许他的子孙要使全世界的人得福。世人认识他和他后裔的信仰,生命就会改变。在第17节下半节,神给本来已经很伟大的应许再加补充:亚伯拉罕的后裔必得着仇敌的城门,意思是亚伯拉罕的后裔必占领、统治那些与他们为敌的人的地方。得着城门等于那城已经沦陷。

  “你既行了这事……”神吩咐亚伯拉罕将以撒献上这件事,从人的观点来看,完全有背于神先前的应许,但亚伯拉罕顺服神,他知道神的话绝不能废去。因着他肯这样作,使神能够将他作成一个器皿,祝福万国。“你既”原文作“因为”。这说出当我们敢信靠神的时候,神才有机会作事。

  二二20~24 亚伯拉罕的兄弟拿鹤生了十二个儿子,亚伯拉罕却只有两个——以实玛利和以撒,这正试验亚伯拉罕对神应许他的后商如天上的星那样众多的信心!可能因为这个缘故,促使亚伯拉罕差遣以利以谢去为以撒娶妻回来(二十四章)。

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发表于 2005-3-6 21:48 | 显示全部楼层
Genesis 22 The Offering of Isaac 1Now it came about after these things, that (A)God tested Abraham, and said to him, "(B)Abraham!" And he said, "Here I am." 2He said, "Take now (C)your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac, and go to the land of (D)Moriah, and offer him there as a (E)burnt offering on one of the mountains of which I will tell you." 3So Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him and Isaac his son; and he split wood for the burnt offering, and arose and went to the place of which God had told him. 4On the third day Abraham raised his eyes and saw the place from a distance. 5Abraham said to his young men, "Stay here with the donkey, and I and the lad will go over there; and we will worship and return to you." 6Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and (F)laid it on Isaac his son, and he took in his hand the fire and the knife. So the two of them walked on together. 7Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, "My father!" And he said, "Here I am, my son." And he said, "Behold, the fire and the wood, but where is the (G)lamb for the burnt offering?" 8Abraham said, "God will provide for Himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son." So the two of them walked on together. 9Then they came to (H)the place of which God had told him; and Abraham built (I)the altar there and arranged the wood, and bound his son Isaac and (J)laid him on the altar, on top of the wood. 10Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. 11But (K)the angel of the LORD called to him from heaven and said, "Abraham, Abraham!" And he said, "Here I am." 12He said, "Do not stretch out your hand against the lad, and do nothing to him; for now (L)I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld (M)your son, your only son, from Me." 13Then Abraham raised his eyes and looked, and behold, behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns; and Abraham went and took the ram and offered him up for a burnt offering in the place of his son. 14Abraham called the name of that place The LORD Will Provide, as it is said to this day, "In the mount of the LORD (N)it will be provided." 15Then the angel of the LORD called to Abraham a second time from heaven, 16and said, "(O)By Myself I have sworn, declares the LORD, because you have done this thing and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17indeed I will greatly bless you, and I will greatly (P)multiply your seed as the stars of the heavens and as (Q)the sand which is on the seashore; and (R)your seed shall possess the gate of their enemies. 18"(S)In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed, because you have (T)obeyed My voice." 19(U)So Abraham returned to his young men, and they arose and went together to Beersheba; and Abraham lived at Beersheba. 20Now it came about after these things, that it was told Abraham, saying, "Behold, (V)Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor: 21Uz his firstborn and Buz his brother and Kemuel the father of Aram 22and Chesed and Hazo and Pildash and Jidlaph and Bethuel." 23Bethuel became the father of (W)Rebekah; these eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham's brother. 24His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore Tebah and Gaham and Tahash and Maacah.
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